Aqoon

Saddex hababka wax soo saarka ee birta calcium

2022-10-26

Diyaarinta

Dhaqdhaqaaqa aadka u xoogan ee kalsiyum birta awgeed, waxa inta badan soo saaray kaalshiyam chloride dhalaalay ama kaalshiyam hydroxide waagii hore. Sanadihii la soo dhaafay, habka dhimista ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u noqday habka ugu muhiimsan ee soo saarista birta Calcium.


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Habka dhimista

Habka dhimista waa in la isticmaalo aluminium bir ah si loo yareeyo lime hoostiisa vacuum iyo heerkulka sare, ka dibna la saxo si loo helo kalsiyum.


Habka dhimista waxay caadi ahaan u isticmaashaa dhagax nuurad ahaan walxo ceeriin ah, kalsiyum oxide calcined iyo budada aluminium sida wakiilka yaraynta.

Calcium oxide-ka la miiray iyo budada aluminiumka ayaa si isku mid ah isugu qasan ilaa xad, la riixay baloogyada, waxaana lagu falceliyay hoos 0.01 faakuum iyo heerkul 1050-1200 â. Abuurista uumiga calcium iyo calcium aluminiinta.


Habka falcelinta waa: 6CaO 2Alâ3Ca 3CaOâ¢Al2O3


Uumiga kaalshiyamka ee la dhimay waxa uu ka soo baxaa 750-400°C. Kaalshiyam-ka crystalline-ka ayaa markaa dhalaaley oo la shubaa iyadoo la ilaalinayo argon si loo helo caleenta calcium cufan.

Heerka soo kabashada ee kaalshiyamka ee lagu soo saaray habka dhimista guud ahaan waa 60%.


Sababtoo ah habka tignoolajiyada sidoo kale waa mid fudud, habka dhimista ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee soo saarista calcium macdan ah sanadihii ugu dambeeyay.

Gubashada xaaladaha caadiga ah waxay si fudud u gaari kartaa barta dhalaalka ee kalsiyum macdan ah, sidaas darteed waxay keeni doontaa gubashada calcium macdan ah.


Electrolysis

Electrolysis-kii hore wuxuu ahaa habka xiriirka, kaas oo markii dambe loo hagaajiyay dareeraha cathode electrolysis.


Xidhiidhka korantada waxaa markii ugu horeysay adeegsaday W. Rathenau 1904. Electrolytka la isticmaalay waa isku dhafka CaCl2 iyo CaF2. Anode ee unugga elektrolytka waxaa lagu dahaadhay kaarboon sida graphite, iyo cathode wuxuu ka samaysan yahay bir.


Kaalshiyamka kaalshiyamka ah ee elaktrooniga ah ayaa dul sabbaynaya dusha sare ee elektrolytka wuxuuna isku ururiyaa cathode-ka marka uu taabto cathode birta ah. Sida korantada korantada u sii socoto, cathode-ka ayaa u kaca si waafaqsan, iyo kalsiyumku wuxuu sameeyaa usha karootada ee cathode.


Khasaaraha soo saarista kaalshiyamka ee habka xidhiidhka waa: isticmaalka badan ee alaabta ceeriin, milmi sare ee birta calcium ee electrolyte, waxtarka hadda hooseeya, iyo tayada alaabta liidata (qiyaastii 1% koloriin content).


Habka dareeraha ee cathode wuxuu isticmaalaa daawaha copper-calcium (oo ka kooban 10% -15% calcium) sida dareeraha dareeraha ah iyo graphite electrode sida anode ah. Kaalshiyamka kaalshiyamka ah ee elaktarooniga ah ayaa lagu shubaa cathode-ka.


Qolofka unugga korantada waxa uu ka samaysan yahay bir shub ah. Electrolyte-ku waa isku dhafka CaCl2 iyo KCI. Copper waxaa loo doortaa sida ka kooban alloy ee cathode dareere ah sababtoo ah waxaa jira meel aad u ballaaran oo dhibic dhalaalaysa hoose ee gobolka ka kooban calcium sare ee jaantuska wejiga naxaasta-kalsiyum, iyo naxaas-calcium alloy ah oo ka kooban calcium ah 60% -65 % waxaa lagu diyaarin karaa wax ka hooseeya 700 °C.


Isla mar ahaantaana, sababtoo ah cadaadiska uumiga yar ee naxaasta, way fududahay in la kala saaro inta lagu jiro distillation. Intaa waxaa dheer, naxaasta-calcium alloys oo ka kooban 60%-65% calcium waxay leeyihiin cufnaanta sare (2.1-2.2g/cm³), taas oo xaqiijin karta delamination wanaagsan ee electrolyte. Maaddooyinka calcium ee ku jira daawaha cathode waa in aanay ka badan 62%-65%. Waxtarka hadda waa qiyaastii 70%. Isticmaalka CaCl2 kiiloogaraam ee calcium waa 3.4-3.5 kiiloogaraam.


Daawaha naxaasta-kaalshiyamka ah ee ay soo saarto electrolysis waxa lagu sakhiray dhalaal kasta iyada oo la raacayo shuruudaha 0.01 Torr vacuum iyo 750-800 â heerkulka si meesha looga saaro wasakhda kacsan sida potassium iyo sodium.


Ka dibna nuugista faakuumka labaad waxaa lagu sameeyaa 1050-1100 ° C, kalsiyumku waa la isku dhejiyay oo lagu soo ururiyay qaybta sare ee haanta distillation, iyo naxaasta haraaga ah (oo ka kooban 10% -15% calcium) ayaa ku hadhay xagga hoose ee taangiga oo ku soo celi electrolyzer si loogu isticmaalo.


Kaalshiyamka crystalline ee la soo saaray waa kalsiyum warshadeed oo leh darajo 98%-99%. Haddii wadarta guud ee sodium iyo magnesium ee alaabta ceeriin ee CaCl2 ay ka yar tahay 0.15%, daawaha naxaasta-kalsiyumka waa la miiray karaa hal mar si loo helo kalsiyum macdan ah oo ay ku jirto â¥99%.


Sifaynta birta kalsiyum

Kaalshiyam saafi ah oo saafi ah waxaa lagu heli karaa iyadoo lagu daaweynayo kaalshiyamka warshadaha iyadoo la isticmaalayo nadiifin sare. Guud ahaan, heerkulka kala-saarista waxaa lagu xakameynayaa inuu noqdo 780-820 ° C, heerka faakuumkuna waa 1 × 10-4. Daawaynta nadiifinta ayaa waxtar yar u leh nadiifinta chlorides ee calcium.


Nitride waxaa lagu dari karaa meel ka hooseysa heerkulka distillation si loo sameeyo milix laba jibaaran oo ah qaabka CanCloNp. Cusbadan labanlaabantay waxay leedahay cadaadis uumiga oo hooseeya mana aha mid si fudud u kacsan waxayna ku sii jirtaa hadhaaga miirista.


Marka lagu daro xeryahooda nitrogen iyo nadiifinta nadiifinta faakuumka, wadarta walxaha wasakhda ah ee chlorine, manganese, copper, iron, silicon, aluminium iyo nickel ee calcium waxaa lagu dhimi karaa 1000-100ppm, iyo kalsiyum nadiif ah oo sarreeya 99.9% -99.99% waa la heli karaa.

La soo saaray ama lagu rogrogay ulo iyo saxanno, ama la jarjaray oo la jarjarey oo lagu dhex baakadeeyey weel aan hawadu karin.


Marka loo eego saddexda hababka diyaarinta ee kor ku xusan, waxaa la arki karaa in habka dhimista uu leeyahay hab fudud oo tignoolajiyadeed, uu isticmaalo tamar yar oo uu qaato waqti yar, wuxuuna aad ugu habboon yahay wax soo saarka warshadaha


Sidaa darteed, habka dhimista ayaa ah habka ugu muhiimsan ee wax soo saarka birta Calcium sanadihii ugu dambeeyay.

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